Ramiro Valdés Menéndez, Architect of Cuba’s Surveillance State, Dies at 94

Jun 22, 2026 - 17:20
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Ramiro Valdés Menéndez, Architect of Cuba’s Surveillance State, Dies at 94
Considered the country’s most powerful leader after the Castro brothers, he was the first director of the Interior Ministry, keeping a close eye on dissent.

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